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Fig. 1. Experimental design used to determine effects of exposure to thermal
extremes on beetle running speed and Hsp70 expression. After field-collection
and initial running speed measurement, beetles were divided into three
temperature-treatment groups, each of which was subdivided into two groups.
Beetles in first treatment were held at identical or opposite temperatures in
the second treatment. Running speed measurements were made immediately after
field collection and after two days of consecutive 4 h temperature treatments.
Adult sample sizes are shown. Larvae sample sizes were as follows: collection
N=240; first treatment: N=80 for each cell; second
treatment: N=40 for each cell. Larval heat-treatment temperature was
35°C. Additional details of collection and treatment regime are described
in the text. Actual sample sizes used for each analysis are reported in the
figure captions.
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