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Fig. 2. A schematic drawing of a vortex boundary in a flow. Circles with inscribed
arrows indicate vortex cores and their rotational sense. A pair of adjacent
fluid particles close to but on different sides of the vortex boundary
separate from each other faster than other arbitrary pairs of fluid particles,
giving a larger value of the FTLE at the boundary. Trajectories can be
followed in backward-time (A) to reveal attracting LCS, and in forward-time
(B) to reveal repelling LCS boundaries.