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Fig. 3. Observed and model energy fluctuations (A,B), accelerations (C,D) and
powers (E) for three example walking strides ranging from very slow (i)
through slow (ii) to moderate (iii). Model outcomes, derived using empirical
kinematic inputs and the stiff-limbed, constant energy (the immediate energy
recovery strategy) model are shown in blue; values derived from forceplate
measurements and kinematics are shown in red. Model accelerations go off-scale
at the instants of each foot initial contact. Foot contact timings (F) can be
used to identify periods of double and triple support.