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Fig. 4. Basis of non-monotonic firing in an LIF model neuron. (A) Changes in FDI model variables with excitation rate, r_e. FD (black) denotes the product of the facilitation and depression variables and I_D (gray) denotes the inhibition variable (see Materials and methods for details). Values plotted are means for 120 independent inputs over 30 s of simulation time. (B) The effective rate of inhibition, r_i, as a function of excitation rate, r_e, for the FDI conductance-based model (solid line); for comparison, the inhibition rate at which excitation and inhibition is balanced is also indicated (dotted line). (C) Mean and (D) standard deviation of the membrane potential in the LIF neuron as a function of excitation rate, r_e. Also shown are the values resulting from the balanced condition (dotted lines, as in B). (E) Spike rate of the LIF neuron as a function of excitation rate, r_e, showing non-monotonic response profile; spike rate resulting from the balanced condition is also shown (dotted line, as in B; see Materials and methods for details). Values plotted in C–E are means over 20 simulated trials of 20 s of simulation time for 120 excitatory and 120 inhibitory inputs (standard errors are less than the line width). For all panels, F_o=0.05, with other parameter values provided in Table 1.

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