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Fig. 3. Photographs and species-typical electrocommunication signals of 15
apteronotid taxa. (A) Photograph of the head, not shown to scale. (B) A 3 ms
section of head-to-tail EOD waveform with peak-to-peak amplitude normalized
for all taxa. (C) EOD frequency trace (top) and head-to-tail EOD waveform
(voltage) trace (bottom) of characteristic chirps in each species. Amplitude
reductions during chirps are apparent from the amplitude envelope of the
waveform trace in some species. Axes are the same as in
Fig. 1A. Axis scales are
identical within column C across all panels to allow direct comparison of
chirp FM and duration. Red bars show positive start and stop times,
respectively. Orange bars show the negative stop time. (D) Additional examples
of chirps for each species shown as in C. Note the different frequency scale
in D compared with C. The frequency axis scales are identical across panels
within column D, but time scales vary as indicated. (E) Scatter plot of
positive FM and duration showing all EODMs recorded in each taxon. Chirps are
shown as red squares, GFRs as blue circles. The chirps identified in columns C
and D are colored yellow and labeled. The purple line illustrates the linear
function used to distinguish chirps from GFRs when necessary (see Materials
and methods for details). Note that the duration axis is logarithmic, and thus
the linear functions appear curved. Axis scales are identical across all
panels within column E.
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