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Fig. 12. Lingual strain during human swallowing. Direction-dependent strain fields
were acquired for the mid-sagittal slice of the tongue during the phases of
the swallow, including early accommodation (top row), late accommodation
(middle row) and propulsion (bottom row). During early accommodation, bolus
containment is associated with negative y-direction strain,
consistent with a synergistic contraction of the anterior genioglossus and
hyoglossus, with concomitant x- and z-direction expansion.
During late accommodation, the combination of y-direction contraction
in the posterior tongue and expansion in the anterior tongue results in
shifting of the bolus to the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue,
consistent principally with contraction of the posterior genioglossus and
concomitant x- and z-direction expansion. During propulsion,
x- and y-direction expansion in the posterior tongue was
consistent with contraction of the laterally inserted styloglossus (with
associated passive drag) and z-direction contraction of the
posteriorly located transversus fibers. (Reproduced with permission from
Napadow et al., 1999b.)
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