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Fig. 2. Geometric model of uncinate function. (A) The situation in birds without an
uncinate process. The length of the Mm. appendicocostales, L, changes
with the rib angle,
, depending on the distance down the rib,
P, of the posterior attachment. (B) The situation with an uncinate
process of perpendicular length Q behind the anterior rib. Cranial is
to the left.