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Fig. 8. Modes of sideways toppling failure. (A) Toppling by pivoting over a static
contact point. (B) Toppling by slipping on the perch surface. The maximum
angular deviations from vertical before toppling and the stable regions on the
perches are green. For both toppling failures, the red image indicates the
rotational movement about the axis indicated by +. (C) The angle, 
,
relative to vertical at which pivot toppling (A) occurs as a function of
animal shape (h L–1), where h and
L are the height and lateral distance, respectively, from the center
of mass to the pivot point when the animal is upright on a horizontal
surface.
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