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Fig. 7. The spectrum of kinematic variations among archer fish predictive
fast-starts. The predictive starts required very different turns and take-off
speed levels. This desired variability in the motor output should be reflected
in corresponding variations in kinematics. To test this, a large number of
responses (N=76) with known angles of turning and take-off speed were
analyzed in detail using digital high-speed video (500 frames s-1).
The substantial variability among these responses is illustrated by showing
(A) the course of chord length changes (CL), (B) the course of
accumulated angle (
) and (C) the course of accumulated displacement
(s) for all starts analyzed. Variables and how they deviate for
different turning angles and take-off speed are introduced in Figs
4,
5,
6, respectively. To aid
comparison, time zero is set at onset of stage 2. Background color: Stage 1
dark blue, stage 2 light blue.
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