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Fig. 13. Estimate of forces of I1/I3/jaw complex on odontophore. (A) Graph of
estimated net forces for successive frames of sequence 3213, images 26-43. See
Materials and methods for description of force calculation. Nominal model
force units are plotted against time (ms). Positive force values imply that
the odontophore will be protracted; negative force values imply that the
odontophore will be retracted. The four lines are plotted using the assumption
that the ratio of force in the anterior half to the posterior half of the
I1/I3/jaw muscle complex is 0.0 (top line), 0.3 (second from top), 0.6 (third
from top), or 1.0 (bottom line). Whenever the data for different force ratios
lies above the zero line (as it does for ratios of 0.3 and 0.0), this
indicates that the structures are kinematically configured such that with this
differential excitation ratio, the I3 muscle can function as a protractor. (B)
Three-dimensional model right lateral views of the I1/I3/jaw complex (blue
mesh) and odontophore (yellow solid), corresponding to the arrows above A
(images 31, 33 and 35, respectively). Top row: I1/I3/jaw complex and
odontophore. Bottom row: odontophore alone. In the center top image, the
antero-dorsal I1/I3 mesh is not in contact with the dorsal surface of the
odontophore, but it is in contact with the dorsal surface of the posterior
part of the odontophore. Also note that, in the central bottom image, the
posterior part of the odontophore widens towards its midpoint. (C)
Three-dimensional model dorso-ventral views of the I1/I3/jaw complex
corresponding to the arrows above A (images 31, 33 and 35, respectively). Top
row: I1/I3/jaw complex and odontophore. Bottom row: odontophore alone. In the
center top image, note that the posterior I1/I3 mesh is in contact with the
posterior surface of the odontophore. In the center bottom image, note that
the posterior part of the odontophore widens towards its midpoint.
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