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Fig. 4. Comparison of pectoral fin and tail function and their contribution to
angular velocity at three sizes representative of the larval, juvenile and
adult stages. Fin velocities in all three graphs are relative to body velocity
(Fig. 1). Thus negative
velocities indicate that the fin is moving slower than the body. (A) In the
larval individual (FL=0.38 cm) the pectoral fins are moving more
slowly than the body. The caudal fin, in contrast, is moving faster than the
body and reaches its maximum linear velocity at the same time that maximum
angular head velocity is reached. (B) In juvenile fish (FL=0.99 cm)
the pectoral and caudal fins are all moving faster than the body around the
time of maximum angular head velocity, suggesting that the generation of
turning momentum is created by the interaction of both fin types. The caudal
fin remains active longer than the pectoral fins that attain a speed close to
body speed after 0.05 s, suggesting that the caudal fin is engaged in angular
control later in the turn cycle as well. (C) In the adult (FL=1.65
cm) the fin opposite to the direction of turning is moving faster before
maximum head angular velocity although the kinematic profile of adults showed
very high variation.
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