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Fig. 4. Individual and summed joint torque (A) and power (B) curves during the
stance phases of ramp descent (broken lines) and ascent (solid lines) walking,
averaged across all subjects. Positive torques are extensors and positive
powers are energy generation. Summed torques were similar in shape and
magnitude and showed that both gaits were produced by net extensor torques
across all joints. Hip and ankle extensor torques were larger in ascent
vs descent, whereas knee extensor torque was larger in descent.
Summed powers in ramp descent and ascent were nearly entirely negative and
positive, respectively. The individual joint powers, however, showed that
muscles crossing each joint contributed both negative and positive power and
work to both movements. Negative power occurred primarily at the knee and then
ankle joints in descent whereas positive power occurred primarily at the ankle
and hip joints in ascent. Ramp descent had a 15% shorter stance phase,
partially leading to reduced area under the joint power curves and reduced
muscle work compared to ramp ascent.
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