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Fig. 1. Joint powers in shoulder (A) and squat (B) movements. Both cyclic
activities had positive and negative joint powers that were associated with
lowering and raising either one upper extremity or all body mass above the
ankles. (C) Total positive and negative joint work were virtually identical in
the negative and positive phases of the shoulder and squat tasks (i.e.
differences were less than 1%). These data strongly suggest that positive and
negative joint and muscle work can be equivalent in certain uni- and
multi-joint, cyclic movements.