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Fig. 4. Net rate of metabolic energy expenditure (A), average positive (B) and
negative (C) mechanical power (summed over the hip, knee and ankle joints) and
net mechanical efficiency (D) during walking with the preferred stride rate
(0), and with stride rates above (+) and below (–) the preferred rate.
Metabolic and mechanical powers have been normalized to body mass. Values are
means ± 1 s.d. and the vertical arrows indicate the location of the
predicted minimum or maximum for each variable. The horizontal bars are the
confidence interval for the predicted minimum or maximum. Net metabolic power
was minimized near the preferred stride rate, while mechanical power exhibited
a plateau that spanned stride rates lower than preferred, and mechanical
efficiency exhibited a plateau that spanned stride rates higher than
preferred.
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