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Figure 9


Fig. 9. Buccal burst frequency data obtained during each series of experiments for brainstem preparations from pre-metamorphic tadpoles (grey bars) and adult bullfrogs (black bars). Data were obtained before and after application of (A) noradrenaline (NA; 5 µmol l–1), (B) GABAA/glycine antagonist mixture (bicuculline 1.25 µmol l–1/strychnine 1.5 µmol l–1), (C) the {alpha}1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (Phe; 25 µmol l–1), (D) the {alpha}2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (Clo; 25 µmol l–1), or (E) aCSF hypoxia. Note that application of the bicuculine/strychnine mixture abolished fictive buccal burst frequency in all preparations (only data from NA experiments are shown), and this could not be restored by any experimental treatment. Values are means ± s.e.m. *Values statistically different from baseline at P<0.05; **values statistically different from baseline at P<0.10.





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