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Fig. 5. Distal-limb muscle performance during running on a slope in guinea fowl
(A,B) and turkeys (C). (A) Fascicle strain (via sonomicrometry), EMG
and muscle–tendon force in the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) of guinea fowl
during running on the level versus the incline. Although LG work
output increases by increased fascicle shortening and force development on an
incline, (B) total and mass-specific work performance of the LG (and digital
flexors) is less than if each hindlimb muscle contributed work in proportion
to its mass, and small compared to the whole-body work demand (see
Daley and Biewener, 2003). (C)
Patterns of fascicle strain, force and muscle work for the LG and peroneus
longus (PL) of turkeys running on the level, incline and decline show that
these muscles also modulate their mechanical work output largely by changes in
lengthening versus shortening strain [part C was originally published
in Gabaldón et al. (Gabaldón
et al., 2004)]. In C, negative strain and velocity indicate
lengthening, filled circles are averages over stance, and open circles are
averages over the period of force production within stance.
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