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Fig. 3. Proximo-distal differences in muscle architecture within the hindlimb of a
cursorial animal (similar patterns occur in the forelimb and in the limbs of
other running birds and mammals). Representative fascicle strain (red) and
myoelectric (EMG) patterns (black) recorded in vivo from muscles of
various animals are shown in relation to proximo-distal differences in
muscle–tendon architecture. For fascicle strain traces, the tick on the
scale bar indicates zero strain (the estimated resting length of the
fascicles, based on the average length during quiet standing). In
vivo forces (gray) are also shown for the two distal muscles. Fascicle
strain and time scales are the same for all muscle recordings shown. Duration
of stance phase is shaded gray.
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