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Fig. 4. Variation in chord angle relative to mid-frontal plane of body
(
c) during wingbeats in rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus
rufus, N=5) flying at velocities of 0-12 m s-1. Wingbeat
duration is expressed as a percentage of the entire wingbeat. The broken line
indicates wrist elevation relative to mid-frontal plane, and the shaded area
represents downstroke. Values are means ± s.d.