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Figure 13


Fig. A2. (A) Counterclockwise contour {Gamma} around a crack tip showing an element of path length ds, with unit vector n normal to the path and with stress and displacement vectors, P and u, respectively, also shown. Crack length is a. (B) An element of material experiencing two-dimensional stress. Not all three stress components need be active; often only one or two components are active. (C) Rectangular path {Gamma} surrounding a crack tip, used to illustrate evaluation of a J-integral.





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