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Fig. 6. (A) An overhead view of an example flight through the maneuvering course
(see Fig. 1) with numbered
wingbeats, showing instantaneous heading at wingbeat 0. The numbered wingbeats
correspond to the numbers between sections B and C. (B) Change in heading
through time; gray shading indicates downstroke. (C) Rate of change in
heading, the derivative of section B with respect to time. Changes in heading
occur predominantly during downstroke.