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Files in this Data Supplement:
Movie 1. This simple physics simulation of a flapping cockatoo shows that asymmetric flapping causes instantaneous changes in roll angle. The simulated cockatoo has body and wing masses and moments of inertia similar to those collected from the cockatoos in the study, but flaps in a null-gravity environment and generates no aerodynamic forces. Thus, all changes in roll orientation are due to the torque required to flap the wings. The wings are actuated at the shoulder to a specified angular velocity; the wrist joints are not actuated but have a limited range of movement with slight damping. All motion is confined to the Y−Z plane. The blue line runs along the body Z-axis, marking the vertical axis of the body coordinate system.
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