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Fig. 5. Flight efficiencies in Drosophila plotted against the number of
open thoracic spiracles during flight. (A) Chemo-mechanical
conversion—efficiency of the indirect flight muscles (IFM). (B)
Aerodynamic efficiency is the ratio between Rankine–Froude power
estimate for flight,
, and the sum of
induced and profile power (Ellington,
1984b). (C) Total flight efficiency is equal to the product
between muscle efficiency and aerodynamic efficiency. Results are calculated
using grey and red data shown in Figs
3 and
4. See text and legend of
Fig. 3 for explanations. Values
and means ± s.d. (N=10 flies).
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