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Fig. 4. Sequential comparison of the behavioral responses to an unexpected manual
touch in socially inexperienced and experienced crayfish. (A) Average response
frequencies of Orienting, Avoidance and No Response behavioral responses of
Isolates, dominants and subordinates on Day 1 while separated from partners by
an opaque barrier (condition as in Fig.
1D). The three behavioral responses of the Isolates and social
pairs did not differ significantly (Kruskal–Wallis test,
P=0.4570 for Orienting Responses, P=0.7133 for Avoidance
Responses, P=0.6163 for No Responses). (B) Average response
frequencies of the same animals on Day 2 when the dominant and subordinate
crayfish were paired with their partners (condition as in
Fig. 1G). The Orienting and the
Avoidance responses of dominants and Isolates were significantly different
from those of subordinates (for Orienting Responses, overall difference,
P=0.0008; Isolates vs subordinates, P=0.0012;
dominants vs subordinates, P=0.0002; for Avoidance
Responses, overall difference, P=0.0003; Isolates vs
subordinates, P=0.0003; dominants vs subordinates,
P=0.0002) but were not different from each other (for Orienting
Responses, P=0.6126; for Avoidance Responses, P=0.7789). The
No Responses were not different in Isolates, dominants and subordinates
(overall difference, P=0.2069). (C) Behavioral responses later on Day
2 when the dominants and subordinates were tested while separated by an open
divider (condition as in Fig.
1I). The dominants' responses were not different from those of the
subordinates (for Orienting Responses, P=0.2786; for Avoidance
Responses, P=0.1605; for No Responses, P=0.7984). (D)
Dominant and subordinate responses after re-isolation (condition as in
Fig. 1K) are not significantly
different (for Orienting Responses, P=0.2345; for Avoidance
Responses, P=0.3282; for No Responses, P=0.9591). (E) The
behavioral responses of the subordinates in the four consecutive social
conditions (shown in A–D) significantly changed after pairing experience
(Friedman test, P=0.0004 for both Orienting and Avoidance Responses).
The subordinate animals when isolated on Day 1 displayed the Orienting
Responses significantly more often than when paired on Day 2 (Wilcoxon test,
P=0.0078), when semi-separated on Day 2 (P=0.0313) and when
isolated on Day 2 (P=0.0313). The subordinate animals when paired on
Day 2 displayed the Orienting Responses significantly less often than when
semi-separated on Day 2 (P=0.0156) and when isolated on Day 2
(P=0.0156). The average frequency of the orienting response when
semi-separated on Day 2 did not differ from those when isolated on Day 2
(P=0.5625). The subordinate animals when paired on Day 2 displayed
the Avoidance Responses significantly more often than when isolated on Day 1
(P=0.0078), when separated by the open divider on Day 2
(P=0.0156), and when isolated on Day 2 (P=0.0078). The
average frequency of No Responses did not change in the four social conditions
examined (overall difference, P=0.0660). *P<0.05,
**P<0.01, ***P<0.001. All values are means ±
s.d.
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