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Fig. 3. Representative video sequences of an air-breathing cycle in O.
lacepedii in the field burrow (top view), with corresponding footage
taken from the laboratory chamber (lateral view). To breathe air, the fish
approaches the surface with the mouth closed and the buccal floor and opercula
adducted (white arrowhead, A). Upon breaking the surface, the mouth opens to
gulp air (B) and closes immediately, with the buccal floor and opercula fully
abducted (red arrowhead, C). After several minutes of breath holding, the
mouth reopens to release the air (D) and the fish submerges (E). Values in the
top right corner of each frame indicate the time interval (s) from the onset
of inspiration. Black arrows indicate the movement of the fish. See
supplementary material for further details.