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Figure 4


Fig. 4. Sound and muscle activity during the trill. (A) Sound oscillogram and (B) fundamental frequency of the trilled part of the coo from dove D#1. (C) TL and (D) ST EMG patterns during the trill. TL activation (red boxes) precedes the corresponding trill elements (gray boxes). Arrow shows TL burst associated with the first trill pulse (tr 1). ST activity shows no obvious temporal pattern. EMG signal: upward, rectified and integrated with time-constant of 1 ms; downward, rectified. This figure is modified from a previous version (Elemans et al., 2004).





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