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Fig. 6. Summary of the capacity for the oxidation of trimethylamine to
trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), indicative of TMAO synthetic capacity, in
chondrichthyian fishes (elasmobranchs and chimaeras) arranged
phylogenetically. The tree is simplified from Winchell et al.
(Winchell et al., 2004) and,
for simplicity, orders where no data on the oxidation of trimethylamine are
available have not been included. *TMAO synthesis was assessed in
vitro; 
TMAO synthesis was assessed by in vivo
conversion of labeled precursor; –, below limits of detection or
questionable synthetic capacity; +, significant TMAO synthesis present. Values
in parentheses indicate the source of data:
1Baker et al., 1963;
2Goldstein et al.,
1967; 3Goldstein and
Funkenhouser, 1972;
4Goldstein and Dewitt-Harley,
1973; 5Treberg and
Driedzic, 2002; 6present study.
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