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Fig. 4. (A) Stroke frequencies (strokes s–1) during deep and
shallow diving in double-crested cormorants. Values are grand means
established from individual bird means ± 1 s.d. (the number of birds
used is indicated above each column) and are based on 10 observations per bird
and category. Birds ascended passively during deep diving. *Significantly
different from shallow diving. (B) Modelled changes in mechanical work against
buoyancy per s during descent for a 2.1 kg double-crested cormorant (assuming
a vertical descent speed of 1 m s–1). The horizontal line
indicates the point of neutral buoyancy. Note that change is greatest within
the first 10 m.
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