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Fig. 1. Experimental procedure. (A) Arrangement of extracellular recording from an
SDN, lateral view. The salivary duct nerve (SDN) originates from the
suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) and runs along the surface of the salivary duct
(SD) to innervate the salivary glands. The SD and SDN were hooked by a pair of
tungsten electrodes. CC, cervical connective; COC, circumoesophageal
connective; A, anterior; P, posterior; V, ventral; D, dorsal. (B,C) Stimulus
schedules for forward-pairing (B) and backward-pairing (C) trials. Five sets
of differential conditioning trials were carried out. For each set of P+V- and
V+P- forward-pairing trials, peppermint (hatched squares) or vanilla (shaded
squares) odour was presented 2 s before the presentation of sucrose solution
(open squares) and then vanilla or peppermint odour was presented alone,
respectively. For each set of P+V- backward-pairing trials, peppermint odour
was presented 4 s after the presentation of sucrose solution and then vanilla
odour was presented alone. (D) Stimulus schedule for unpaired presentation of
peppermint and vanilla odours (CS alone). Peppermint and vanilla odours were
alternately presented five times without pairing with sucrose solution. (E)
Stimulus schedule for unpaired presentation of sucrose solution (US alone).
Sucrose solution was presented five times without pairing with odour. The
inter-stimulus intervals were 5 min in B-D and 10 min in E. The durations of
odour and sucrose stimulations were 4 s in B-E.
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