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Figure 1


Fig. 1. Normal (left panels) and abnormal (right panels) development in embryos and larvae of (A) Diadema setosum and (B-D) Sterechinus neumayeri. For Diadema, the abnormal plutei (A) were characterised by shortened anterolateral arms (Al), and postoral arms (Pr) appeared to be absent or reduced. For Sterechinus, abnormal blastulae (B) had an abnormally thickened blastula wall (Bw) with loosely connected blastomeres. Primary mesenchyme (Pm) appeared to fill the blastocoel (Bc). Abnormal Sterechinus gastrulae (C) had no invagination of an archenteron (Ac) with the coelom (Gc) packed with primary mesenchyme cells (Pm). Abnormal Sterechinus did not develop beyond the gastrula stage (D). In both Diadema and Sterechinus, abnormal embryos were either immobile or showed retarded swimming ability compared with swimming in normal embryos. Scale bars, 100 µm.





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