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Fig. 4. Motor patterns and sounds produced by multiband butterflyfish,
Chaetodon multicinctus during agonistic interactions with bottled
conspecifics. (A) The tail slap starts with a lateral display followed by tail
slap and turn motor patterns (lower panel) that produce acoustic stimuli
(waveform on lower trace). A strong hydrodynamic pulse with signals at 20-60
Hz results from the lateral motion of the body towards the intruder (lower
spectrogram). The tail slap occurs at the end of the turn that produces a
broadband click (upper spectrogram). In this instance the tail slap was
immediately followed by a second lateral display. (B) Jump behavior starts
with a frontal motor display towards the bottled intruders, a rapid turn of
the body, and swimming ascent that is followed by an intense lateral display
(lower panel). The turn and ascend behaviors produce acoustic stimuli that
include a low frequency component made during the turn followed by a pulse
train during the ascent (waveform on lower trace). Note that spectrum of
sounds made during both the turn and ascent are from <100-700 Hz, with
lower frequencies due to the hydrodynamic pulse made during the turn
(spectrogram).
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