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Figure 1


Fig. 1. The effects of laminarin, PMA and zymosan on PKC phosphorylation. Lymnaea stagnalis haemocytes were challenged with (A) laminarin (10 mg ml-1), (B) PMA (10 µmol l-1) or (C) zymosan (10 µg ml-1) for 0-30 min and their effects on PKC phosphorylation determined by western blotting. Equal amounts of protein were loaded in each lane and membranes were probed with anti-phospho PKC (pan), anti-phospho PKC{alpha}, or anti-phospho PKC{alpha}ßII antibodies as indicated in the figure. Anti-actin antibodies were used to confirm equal loading of proteins. Relative PKC phosphorylation levels (shown in the graph in A) detected with anti-phospho PKC (pan) antibodies were determined by image analysis. Values are means ± s.d. from four independent experiments. *P≤0.05 and ***P≤0.001 when compared to control values (time 0).





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