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Fig. 6. Movements of the hind coxo-trochanteral joints of Aphrophora
viewed posteriorly. The joint was moved from the fully levated position (A)
through a partially depressed position (B) to the fully depressed position
(C). Both the ventral and dorsal pivots of the joint are indicated by the blue
arrows and are joined by the blue lines. The shorter blue lines indicate the
insertions of the trochanteral depressor muscles. (D) Plot of the effective
lever arms of the trochanteral levator and depressor muscles expressed as
perpendicular distances between their insertion points and the axis of the
pivot of the coxo-trochanteral joint over the full angular range of
coxo-trochanteral joint movements.