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Fig. 3. Graphs of leg and body movements during a jump by Philaenus
captured at 8000 s-1. (A) Five points on the body (see cartoon
inset) are plotted against time. Take-off is indicated by the right arrow and
vertical yellow bar. The first movement of a hind leg occurred 0.875 ms before
take-off (left arrow and yellow bar). The tarsi of the front and middle legs
left the ground 0.5 ms before take-off (middle arrow and yellow bar).
Velocity, measured as the movement of the centre of an ellipse representing
the overall shape of the body, is plotted as a two-point average of successive
frames (blue line). (B) Sequential movements of the five points on the body as
the insect moved through the field of view of the stationary camera,
superimposed on an image of the froghopper in its starting position. The black
arrowheads and the linking black lines show the position of these five points
at take-off. The corresponding positions of these points at different times
during the jump can be read frame-by-frame from these positions at
take-off.
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