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Figure 2


Fig. 2. The measurement system. We measured the vertical force of the bumblebee using a load cell. This load cell was hard-wired to an amplifier using a 100 V AC power system. The output signal was digitalized by an A/D converter, and then stored on a PC. The output signal of the amplifier was imported as channel 1 (CH1). We used a light signal to identify the visual stripe motion, whose output was imported as channel 2 (CH2). This light signal circuit was connected to the flight arena controller. The phase and frequency of the visual oscillation were identified using the CH2 waveform, which enabled us to synchronize the data of the input (visual oscillation) and the output (force variation).





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