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Fig. 5. NKCC1 renders GABA excitatory in the Lymnaea CNS. (A) Addition of
the NKCC1 antagonist bumetanide (100 µmol l-1) to the perfusate
significantly decreases action potential (AP) firing frequency (grey bars;
N=6, P=0.01 paired t-test). The normoxic decrease
in AP frequency caused by bumetanide is not significantly different from the
decrease observed in the normoxia to hypoxia switch (black bars vs
grey bars; P=0.844 unpaired t-test). (B) Spontaneous firing
of APs was prevented by the addition of 100 µmol l-1 bumetanide
(at bar).