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Fig. 7. Direction of single-leg round reaction forces in geckos climbing vertically
(BD) and (A) running on level ground. (A) Single leg GRFs during level
running. Circle with a dot in the center represents a vector that points
toward the reader. t1 represents the time in the first
half-step when the forces shown are generated. t3
represents the time in the second half-step. (B) Single leg GRFs during
climbing. Circle with an x in the center represents a vector that points
away from the reader. t2 represents the time at mid-step
when the forces shown are generated. (C) Lateral view of normal GRFs during
climbing. (D) Lateral view of overturning (Mo) and
stabilizing (Ms) impulse moments during climbing where
Fleg is the mean normal force generated by the forelegs
over a stride period (
t), R is the stabilizing moment
arm from the foreleg to the hindleg pivot, the integral of
Fleg from 0 to
t represents the foreleg
impulse, g is acceleration due to gravity,
Mb equals body mass, and r is the distance of the
COM to the wall.