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Figure 1


Fig. 1. (A) Rate of oxygen consumption (MO2), (B) cardiac output (Vb), (C) heart rate (fH), (D) cardiac stroke volume (VS), and (E) tissue oxygen extraction [(CaO2-CvO2)] as a function of swimming velocity for Seriola lalandi. The triangle, circles and bold regression lines represent animals at 20°C [(A) N=10; (B-E) N=4], while squares and broken regression lines represent animals at 25°C (N=2). Open symbols are from animals instrumented with EMG electrodes, whereas symbols containing crosses are from animals instrumented with a blood flow cuff. The hatched vertical line represents the approximate maximum sustainable swimming velocity (Umax), about 2.3 BL s-1. Given the lack of steady state swimming at speeds greater than 2.3 BL s-1, MO2 data from four animals that swam for short periods at velocities in excess of this value were pooled and are presented in A as mean ± s.e.m. (open triangle). Dotted lines are extrapolations of regression lines to the vertical axis. Regression equations are given in Table 1.





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