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Figure 3


Fig. 3. Developmental profiles of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP)-expressing neural structures during embryonic development of Carcinus maenas. All confocal images have been stacked (30-32 slices; distance between slices: 0.8-2 µm) and flattened. (A) Lateral view of embryo at 70% development. Arrow points to the first immunoreactive (IR) structures seen on the dorsal side of the embryo corresponding to the position of the heart, which by this stage of development, has a regular beat (y, yolk sac; e, eye) (B) Ventral view of embryo at 70% development, showing bilaterally symmetrical IR structures, probably corresponding to segmental nerves (upper arrow) and projections adjacent to the heart (lower arrow). (C) Dorsal view of embryo at 80% development. Small arrow points to anteriorly projecting IR structure which is probably the developing anterior ramification. At this time IR structures corresponding to the segmental nerves (sn) and thoracic ganglion (tg) become visible. (D) Dorsal view of embryo at 85% development. Small arrows point to a series of prominent varicosities in the axons forming part of the developing thoracic ganglion. At this time the anterior ramification (ar) becomes digitate. (E) Dorsal view of embryo at 100% development showing IR structures associated with the segmental nerves adjacent to the anterior ramifications. (F) Dorsal view of IR structures associated with the thoracic ganglion at 100% development. Contralaterally projecting axons (small arrows) can be observed and weakly IR structures probably corresponding to perikarya (large arrows) can be seen. The developing pericardial organs (po) become prominent at this stage. (G) Dorsolateral view of thoracic ganglion at 100% development. This image has been rotated to show three pairs of weakly IR perikarya (arrows, asterisks). (H) Lateral view of embryo at 85-90% development, showing a single IR axon within a segmental nerve (sn) arising from the thoracic ganglion (tg), and a second, anteriorly projecting axon within a segmental nerve. The ring-like structure of the developing pericardial organ (po) is prominent in this orientation. Scale bars, 50 µm.





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