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Fig. 11. Individual stride data of changes in external mechanical energy, potential
energy and linear kinetic energy (A) and changes in potential, linear and
rotational energy (B) as calculated from the movement of the estimated CoM.
Data presented are individual strides of three typical horses recorded at
speeds between 14.5 m s-1 and 15.5 m s-1 at gallop. (A)
For illustrative purposes the minimum craniocaudal kinetic energy has been
subtracted from forward kinetic and external mechanical energy. Ext, external
energy (blue); CC, craniocaudal kinetic energy (green); ML, mediolateral
kinetic energy (cyan); DV, dorsoventral kinetic energy (magenta); Pot,
potential energy (red). Elast, elastic energy estimated from mean footfall
pattern at this speed category (light green). (B) Pot, potential energy (red);
Pitch, pitch kinetic energy (green); Heading, heading kinetic energy (cyan);
ML, mediolateral kinetic energy (magenta); DV, dorsoventral kinetic energy
(black). The grey shaded area indicates the measured aerial time with the
alignment being based on the assumption that vertical kinetic and potential
energy is constant during the aerial phase (see Materials and methods). (C)
Stance phases of individual feet are presented as black bars: LF, lead front;
NLF, nonlead front; LH, lead hind; NLH, nonlead hind.
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