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Fig. 5. The predicted net energy gain (R, in W) calculated with observed
ground speed (Vg), air speed (Va) and
flight strategy combinations. Different symbols (+ flapping,
soaring)
represent the predicted R for a measured combination of
Vg, Va and flight strategy for
black-headed gulls (A) and lesser black-backed gulls (B). Parameter estimates
for R calculations are as follows: En=20 W,
D=10000 m, tp=1800 s. As observed
Va and Vg values are highly confounded
(see Fig. 4), R was
not plotted against both Va and
Vg.