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Figure 5


Fig. 5. Movement of the upper (grey) and lower jaw (black) in the greenfinch (A,B) and Java sparrow (C,D) during a cracking attempt. A and C show the lateral movement (in mm) vs time (frames). While the lower jaw moves sideways during opening of the beak, the tip of the upper jaw does not move in the horizontal plane. Arrows indicate positions with closed beaks (opposing beak tips). B and D show graphically the most extreme positions of the lower jaws in the horizontal plane. The beak tips are pointing upward. On the x axis, zero coincides with the medial plane. On the y axis the position of zero is arbitrary.





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