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Fig. 6. Cockroaches (A,B) and geckos (C,D), with different leg number, morphology
and adhesive mechanism, have similar single-leg wall reaction force patterns
during climbing. Dorsal (A,C) and sagittal (B,D) views are shown. The arrows
represent average peak wall reaction forces for single legs in fore-aft
(blue), lateral (green) and normal (red) directions. All legs in both animals
pull up the wall. Legs pull in toward the midline, except for the hind
cockroach legs where lateral forces were near zero. Front legs pull the head
toward the wall, while hind legs push the abdomen (below the COM) away from
the wall. In the cockroach, the middle-leg normal forces were small. Black
arrows indicate average body weight for the animals studied (
30 mN for
cockroaches,
20 mN for geckos). Arrows that represent limb reaction forces
are scaled relative to the length of the black arrows. Gecko data are from
Autumn et al. (2006).