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Fig. 4. (A-E) Fore-aft (blue), lateral (green) and normal (red) wall reaction
forces developed by individual legs for one step during vertical climbing. Leg
forces were averaged from N=7 individuals and normalized to stride
period. Values are means ± s.d. In each panel, the solid black vertical
line shows the average, normalized stance period (gray bars indicate s.d.).
The crosshatched region in A and B shows the overlap region of middle legs
with front legs. Normal forces in this region were estimated from
Fig. 3C. Black broken
horizontal line represents average body weight.