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Fig. 5. Proposed model for the role of nitric oxide during cnidarian bleaching. The
host cell responds to algal-derived ROS (including superoxide and hydrogen
peroxide) by producing NO through signaling leading to the upregulation of
NOS. This signaling could involve the transcription factor NF
B, an
important mediator of NOS transcription in other systems. The reaction of
superoxide with NO produces the reactive nitrogen species peroxynitrite
(ONOO-), with additive deleterious effects leading to cell death
and bleaching.
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