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Fig. 3. D-ß-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (D-ß-HBDH)
activities (mean ± s.e.m.) in liver and extrahepatic tissues of
freshwater, euryhaline and marine elasmobranchs with varying levels of urea:
Potamotrygon motoro (freshwater) (no urea), Himantura
signifer in freshwater (low urea), H. signifer acclimated to
half-strength seawater (
Seawater) (increased urea), Taeniura
lymma (marine) (high urea) and Chiloscyllium punctatum (marine)
(high urea). See text or Fig. 4
for specific urea levels. Sample sizes and the results of statistical
comparisons between tissues and species are given in Tables
1 and
2. The salinity (and thus urea
level) for each species or acclimation group is indicated by the shading of
the bars. Enzyme measurements were made at 25°C. ND, not detectable.