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Fig. 3. Example of a selection experiment (20 generations) with Drosophila
melanogaster (Harshman et al.,
1991) in which plasticity evolved to be higher in the Selected
lines (S; N=3) as compared with the Control lines (C; N=3).
C flies (left) were exposed to either standard medium or lemon for 24 h prior
to sacrifice for measurement of a detoxification enzyme, and S flies (right)
were similarly treated. Values are means ± s.d. For C lines, the
magnitude of the induction caused by lemon exposure, as indicated by
glutathionase S-transferase activity on lemon divided by the value on
standard medium, was 1.16, whereas for S lines the value was 2.58. The greater
induction caused by lemon exposure in the S lines relative to the C lines is
an example of a genotype-by-environment interaction. TSO,
trans-stilbene oxide. See text for further details.