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Fig. 2. Four examples of the influence of call bandwidth and frequency modulation
curvature on Doppler-related ranging errors at a flight speed of 8 m
s1. Upper row: spectrograms of four call echo pairs. Lower
row: envelope of the cross correlation function (CCF). Arrows indicate the
actual time delay of 8 ms between call and echo. Red lines show the position
of the peak in the CCF.