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Fig. 1. Differences in knee flexion between conditions. (A) Level condition subjects were exercised at 0° pitch, whereas Incline subjects were exercised at 20°, resulting in a more acute angle of knee flexion ({alpha}) at peak normal ground reaction force (nGRF) oriented perpendicularly to the track surface. (B) Differences in knee flexion ({alpha}) are expected to result in differences in the orientation of compressive loads (dotted lines) relative to the distal femur in the parasagittal plane, because the joint reaction force (JRF; gray arrow) is transmitted more posteriorly on the femoral condyles. Mean knee flexion at peak GRF: Level, 76.3±1.33°, mean ± s.e.m., N=16 strides; Incline, 62.6±3.52°, N=10 strides; P<0.01, Student's t-test.





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