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Fig. 8. Predicted effects of increasing the temperature difference between air (TAIR) and artificial sky (TASK) on the thermal budget at the external surface of the insulation plumage in pigeons exposed to a TAIR of 25°C and a wind speed UWIN=10 m s-1. The line show{sigma} the increase (%) in transplumage heat gain by this surface. Black bars, fractions of the heat loss attributed to radiation (FRP); grey bars, fractions attributed to convection (FCP), expressed relative to the transplumage gain (solid line; taken as 100%). At very low values of TASK (TAIR-TASK>42°C), FRP exceeds 100% because radiation also accounts for the dissipation of the heat gained by the plumage surface from the air through convection.





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