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Fig. 7. (A) Temperature differences influencing the heat gained from the skin by the external surface of the flight plumage on a pigeon's wing (TSIW-TPFW) and the loss of this heat to the surroundings by convection (TPFW-TAIR) and radiation (TPFW-TASK) at TAIR=TASK=25°C. (B,C) Predicted effects of lowering both air (TAIR) and artificial sky (TASK) temperatures (B) or only TASK (C). The wing temperatures are those of the external surface of the plumage (TPFW) and of the skin (TSIW). At low values of TASK (TAIR-TASK>7°C), the temperature difference across the boundary layer of air (TPFW-TAIR) is reversed and now favors heat gain by the plumage surface through convection.





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